Objectoriented programming oop is a programming language model organized around objects rather than actions and data rather than logic. Concepts of programming languages by robert w sebesta. Its a userdefined data type that has its data members variables or data functions methods. As we can define different variables of builtin data types like int, float, char, we can create various objects of classes in similar manner. Object oriented design standards literate programming. Object oriented programming oop uses objects to model realworld objects.
Advantages and disadvantages of object oriented programming. Oop provides a clear modular structure for programs. The most important feature is that its procedural and object oriented nature. Download file pdf concepts of programming languages by robert w sebesta 10th edition solutions experience and knowledge how the sparkle is undergone. An article that compare inheritance and composition can be found here. For example, a car is a class, and its structure, engines, get. Objects with same characteristics are called instances of a class classes are organized into a tree or hierarchy. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data. The basic unit of oop is a class, which encapsulates both the static attributes and dynamic behaviors within a box, and specifies the public interface for using these boxes. Object oriented programming oop consist of some important concepts namely encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance and abstraction.
What are the characteristic features of the procedural. Some of the features of object oriented programming are. We are aware of astounding features of objectoriented programs. Programming courses often focus on syntax and the particular characteristics of a programming language, leading students to concentrate on these relatively unimportant details rather than the underlying algorithmic skills. It is a userdefined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. The object oriented programming is commonly known as oop. Object oriented programming is a paradigm in programming that represents reallife objects or entities in code, for starters, there are two basic but vital concepts you have to understand in oop namely classes and objects. It is a userdefined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions, which can be. Main characteristics and features of object oriented.
These are encapsulation, data abstraction, polymorphism and inheritance. Programs are divided into what are known as objects. A concept is a generalization, derived from a set of phenomena and based on the common properties of these phenomena. Since everything is treated as objects, so we can model a realworld concept using oop. Since the class is wellencapsulated compared with the function, it is easier to reuse these. Creating a class in object oriented programming can be considered as creating new data types. Advantages and features of object oriented programming. Now well take a step back and consider the programming philosophy underlying classes, known as object oriented programming oop. We give an overview of the uml in chapter 1, and then discuss specific features of the uml. Characteristics of an object oriented programming language class. Object oriented programming attempts to model the real world. For more details and examples of the 4 main objectoriented characteristics can be found at book chapter. Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects. These are also called as four pillars of object oriented.
A class encapsulates the data representation and makes data access possible at a higher level of abstraction. Objectoriented programming oop in python 3 real python. In addition it supports some important concepts and terminology which has made it popular among programming methodology. Object oriented programming allows separation of a complex programs into objects and then builds data and functions around these objects. As its name suggests it was used to create simulations. Object oriented programming oop object oriented programming oop changes the older structured programming methodology, and treats a program as a series of connected objects that communicate via messages. Pdf object oriented programming principles francis. Object oriented programming is a programming style that is associated with the concept of class, objects and various other concepts revolving around these two, like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, encapsulation etc. What is the characteristic features of objectoriented.
Object oriented programming oop languages are designed to overcome these problems. What are four basic principles of object oriented programming. Objectives of the topic i describe the principles of the oop principles ii describe the application of the principles. A set of vehicles with operations for starting, stopping, driving, get kmliter, etc. Discussing the oop principles inheritance in objectoriented programming, inheritance means the inheritance of another objects interface. Implementation details are hidden from other modules and other modules has a clearly defined interface. Objectoriented characteristics programming paradigms. C and pascal programs are typically implemented in a more topdown fashion. However, functions of one object can access the functions of other objects. A class is a blueprint that specifies the attributes and behavior of an object.
Object oriented programming paradigm oopp the object oriented programming paradigm plays an important role in human computer interface. Object oriented programming the term was coined by alan kay is a programming approach whereby one creates a network of cooperating operational models, called objects, that work together as. In the 1970s, xeroxs smalltalk was the first objectoriented programming language, which was used to create the graphical user interface see xerox star. If you are new to object oriented approach for software development, an. Object oriented programming gives the programmer a convenient way to construct new data type.
The objects oriented programming language supports all the features of normal programming languages. Object oriented programming, or oop for short, is a programming paradigm which provides a means of structuring programs so that properties and behaviors are bundled into individual objects for instance, an object could represent a person with a name property, age, address, etc. These features are generally referred to as the oops concepts. In addition, programmers can create relationships between one object and. The programmes written with oop are really easy to understand. The language has gained widespread popularity as the internet has boomed, although its market penetration has been limited by its inefficiency. An example to illustrate will be an airplane, which is made up of fuselage, wings, engines, gear, flaps and etc. It is easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects can be created with small differences. Following key features were explained with examples. A class is a collection of objects or values and a corresponding set of methods.
Advantages and disadvantages of object oriented programming language. The call of a method corresponds to a function or procedure call in a nonobjectoriented language such as c or pascal. Pdf object oriented programming principles francis mk. It has different components that takes real world objects and performs actions on them, making live interactions between man and the machine. A class can be mainly defined as a pillar or building block of object oriented programming language. In the 1960s, objectoriented programming was put into practice with the simula language, which introduced important concepts that are today an essential part of objectoriented programming, such as class and object, inheritance, and dynamic binding. The data of an object can be accessed only by the functions associated with that object. A phenomenon is a thing in the real world that has individual existence. Object oriented technology is both an evolution and a revolution as evolution it is the logical descendant of hll, procedures, libraries, structured programming, and abstract data types.